On 27 September 2017, the IBA_LAB, the symposium of the International Building Exhibition (IBA) Heidelberg, will take place for the fifth time in a row. This year, for the first time, discussants and guests will meet in the German capital Berlin to broaden their perspective and discuss the question of the "Knowledge City of Tomorrow" in conversation - all in preparation for the IBA's major interim presentation in 2018.
The keynote speech at the evening reception will be given by Wolfgang Lotter, co-founder of brand eins. We will discuss the city in the knowledge society with Theresia Bauer, Minister of Science of the State of Baden-Württemberg, Undine Giseke, Head of the Department of Landscape Architecture and Open Space Planning at the TU Berlin, Volker Hassemer, former senator and board member of the Stiftung Zukunft Berlin, Jürgen Odszuck, Mayor of the City of Heidelberg, philosopher and author Rebekka Reinhard and Alexander Rieck from the Fraunhofer Institute.
The LAB deals in particular with the IBA Heidelberg's guiding question: How must the European city transform itself to meet the demands of tomorrow's knowledge society? From 2012 to 2022, the IBA wants to initiate and implement building projects and processes around the knowledge society and its guiding theme Knowledge | Creates | City. The primary aim is to focus questions of social change on their urban planning and architectural dimensions. In cooperation with the board of trustees, the IBA Heidelberg developed 4+1 more precise focal themes: Sciences, Learning Spaces, Networking, Material Cycles and overarching Co-production. Until 2022, the building projects are intended to give a selective impression of how the "knowledge city of tomorrow" will look in terms of architecture and planning.
Discourse at international level on the knowledge city of tomorrow is indispensable. That's why the IBA is looking for answers with appropriate knowledge transfer via existing and new networks - as was the case at this year's IBA_LAB N°5.
Theses on the "Knowledge City of Tomorrow" are also presented in the IBA Heidelberg's first publication, the recently published IBA_LOGBook N°1 thematised.Participation in IBA_LAB N°5 is free of charge. Please register by 20 September 2017 at www.iba.heidelberg.de.
The event is recognised by the Baden-Württemberg Chamber of Architects as continuing education for three hours.
Contractor: Joachim Eble Architecture, Rolf Messerschmidt, Tübingen
EGS-Plan engineering company for energy, building and solar technology mbH
IER Institute for Energy Economics and Rational Use of Energy, University of Stuttgart
Results: When analysing the total annual costs, the running costs and revenues in the utilisation phase are taken into account in addition to the capital-related investment costs. The result of this full cost calculation is a relatively homogeneous cost level for all building energy standards examined. Due to the subsidies for the better standards, lower energy costs and the use of subsidies, the cost level remains relatively constant among the building energy standards. Thus, higher building energy standards up to the "KfW 40 Plus Standard" are already economically attractive today.
The influence of building energy standards can be classified as subordinate when considering total consumer spending.
Eight hectares of modules built on Berlin's roofs, almost half of them on residential buildings
Berlin's municipal utility is clearly picking up the pace in the expansion of solar installations in the capital. The municipal green electricity producer exceeded the 10 megawatt threshold at the end of September.
Since the commissioning of their first solar plant on a GESOBAU house on Rolandstraße in Pankow, the output installed by the municipal utility has thus increased exactly a hundredfold. Behind the 10 megawatts peak (MWp) built, which corresponds to around one tenth of all solar power installed in Berlin from large to single-family homes, are more than 150 individual systems.
Around 4.3 MWp of the 10 MWp were erected for tenant electricity systems with housing associations and cooperatives as well as homeowners' associations. In these projects, tenants or owners can obtain the electricity generated on their own roofs directly and particularly cost-effectively and thus contribute to the energy transition themselves. Around 5.7 MWp have been installed on state-owned properties - schools, sports halls, administrative and cultural buildings, prisons and fire and police stations.
All of the plants constructed by Berliner Stadtwerke have a combined module area of 80,000 m² or 8 hectares, which is equivalent to a good eleven football pitches. The plants completed to date save the atmosphere around 4,900 tonnes of CO2. By the end of the year, Berliner Stadtwerke plans to install a further 2 MWp of connected solar capacity.
The boom in the bicycle trade, which has been ongoing for years, continued in 2018. As reported by the Federal Statistical Office (Destatis) on the occasion of World Health Day on 7 April, the retail trade in bicycles, parts and accessories recorded an increase in sales of 11.9 % in real terms in 2018 compared to the previous year.
880,000 electric bikes imported into Germany
The trend towards electric bicycles with a rated continuous power of up to 250 watts is reflected in foreign trade: 880,000 electric bicycles with a total value of 789.6 million euros were imported to Germany in 2018. This corresponded to an increase in volume of 32.3 % compared to 2017. With a share of 23 % of the total imports of electric bicycles to Germany, Hungary was the most important importing country. Other important supplier countries were Vietnam with a share of 17.2 % and the Netherlands with 10.2 %.
Prices for conventional bikes are rising faster than prices for electric bikes
Consumers had to spend more money on pedelecs and e-bikes in 2018 than three years previously: between 2015 and 2018, prices in this market segment rose by 1.8 %. However, prices rose less sharply than consumer prices overall in this period (+3.8 %). In comparison, prices for bicycles without an electric motor rose by an above-average 4.5 % between 2015 and 2018.
Opportunity for bargains outside of the cycling season
Whether with or without an electric motor: consumer prices for bicycles fluctuate slightly depending on the time of year. Bicycles are cheaper around the turn of the year than in summer. If you are looking for good value for money, you can buy cheaper on average outside the cycling season.
Source: Press release of the Federal Statistical Office from 3 April 2019
In a recently written short study, scientists from the Department of Energy System Analysis at the Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems ISE prepared an evaluation of the Market Master Data Register (MaStR) and the EEG system master data for photovoltaics (PV). Important findings of the analyses were that with 38 percent of the newly installed capacity, the increase in capacity in Germany is increasingly taking place in the segment of rooftop systems larger than 100 kW, 22 percent of the newly built PV systems are erected in a west, east or east-west direction and 19 percent of these systems have tilt angles smaller than 20 degrees.
Relative shares of the different orientations in the construction of new plants. Source: Own calculation based on MaStR data registered as of 31.01.2019 (as of 03.03.2020).
The Market Master Data Register (MaStR) is the register for the German electricity and gas market. Since January 2021, all electricity generation units connected to the general supply grid must be entered in it. This also applies to the steadily growing number of photovoltaic systems in Germany. In addition to the master data on output and location of a PV system, which has already been recorded in the Renewable Energy Sources Act register (EEG system master data), the market master data register records further information such as orientation, inclination and output limitation.
These parameters have now been analyzed by scientists at Fraunhofer ISE. The evaluation covers the period from 2000 to the present day and shows the development over time in terms of number, power, location by federal state, orientation, inclination and power limitation. Different evaluation criteria were taken into consideration, which allow statements to be made on the following aspects: Plant addition, power addition by plant class, plant addition by federal state, plant orientation and inclination angle.
Fraunhofer ISE evaluates these central parameters at regular intervals and makes the results publicly available. In addition, the Institute offers further evaluations of this database on request.
82 percent of the added systems are smaller than 10 kW
The evaluation of the installation of new systems by system class essentially shows that the <10 kW size range has remained constant since 2014 with an average share of 82 percent. Rooftop systems over 10 and up to 100 kW had a heyday between 2004 and 2011, when their share of new installations - in relation to the number of systems - averaged 43 percent.
Growing part of the added capacity is due to large rooftop systems
When examining the increase in capacity by plant class, it becomes clear that the high share of the <10 kW plant class in terms of the number of plants is only reflected in a high increase in capacity to a limited extent. The share of the plant class has remained fairly constant at an average of 19 percent since 2014. One system segment whose relative share of capacity growth has increased sharply is the system class of rooftop systems from 100 to 750 kW. From 17 percent in 2012, their share has more than doubled to 38 percent in 2019. In contrast, the importance of ground-mounted systems has declined from 45 percent in 2012 to 20 percent in 2019.
More than half of the PV systems will no longer be built in Bavaria and Baden-Württemberg
The two states of Bavaria and Baden-Württemberg accounted for an average of 59.6 percent of new installations in Germany between 2000 and 2009, and this share declined to an average of 44.5 percent between 2010 and 2019. Over the same periods, North Rhine-Westphalia increased its average contribution from 14.1 to 18.3 percent, Lower Saxony's share rose from 6.5 to 9.2 percent, and Brandenburg's share increased from 0.7 to 2.2 percent. All the remaining federal states also recorded increases, albeit to a lesser extent. Despite the decline in their share, Bavaria and Baden-Württemberg remain in first and second place in terms of new installations in 2019, with 24.4 percent and 18.6 percent respectively. This is followed by North Rhine-Westphalia, Lower Saxony and Hesse with 17.9 percent, 9.2 percent and 6.1 percent respectively.
73 percent of newly installed PV systems are limited in their capacity
Only around a quarter of the newly installed plants in 2019 do not have any output limitation. According to the EEG, 66 percent of newly installed plants may only feed a maximum of 70 percent of their output into the grid because they do not have remotely controllable feed-in management. This proportion has grown by an average of 4 percentage points per year since 2014. The remaining output-limited plants have even higher limitations of 60 to 50 percent as a result of the combination with a battery storage system.
Increasing proportion of PV systems facing east and west
While the share of PV systems with southern orientation decreased from 61 percent in 2000 to 42 percent in 2019, the share of systems with eastern and western orientation increased at almost the same rate: east from 1 percent in 2000 to 7 percent in 2019, west from 3 percent in 2000 to 9 percent in 2019, east-west from 1 percent in 2000 to 6 percent in 2019.
Plants are increasingly being built with a lower angle of inclination.
The share of added PV systems (rooftop and ground-mounted) with a tilt angle of less than 20 degrees averaged 10 percent between the years 2000 and 2009. Subsequently, between 2010 and 2019, the share increased to an average of 19 percent. Systems with 20 to 40 degrees of tilt accounted for an average of 63 percent between 2000 and 2009, falling to 54 percent between 2010 and 2019.
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