Lecture Dr. Stefan Gärtner "The future of work in the city".
Published
Future Forum 2040 on 20.05.2019 in Freiburg
2:00:15 h
The lecture by Dr. Stefan Gärtner, IAT Gelsenkirchen (minutes 17 to 56): Production in the city: opportunities, risks and your integration into urban value creation is far-sighted.
It shows examples of how production can be brought back into the city and how mixed use can succeed.
In the Ecological model settlement in Prinz Eugen Park in Munich, a total of more than 600 residential units are to be built in timber or timber hybrid construction. According to the Mikado article, all plots of land for the model housing estate, which is up to seven storeys high, have already been allocated.
CO2-Emissions should be reduced by 65 percent over the next ten years compared to 1990 in order to achieve climate neutrality - Energy system must be converted to 100 percent renewable energies by 2040 - Investment of 3,000 billion euros required to meet European Green Deal and Paris climate targets - German EU Council Presidency can ensure that Corona aid packages link economic stimulus with climate protection
The European Green Deal sets the bar very high: Europe is to become climate neutral by 2050. However, these targets can only be achieved if CO2-emissions by 2030 not only by 40 percent compared to 1990, but by 65 percent. To achieve this, energy production would have to be completely converted to renewable energies by 2040. The necessary investments are high, but they will pay off. These are the most important results of a new study by the German Institute for Economic Research (DIW Berlin). On the occasion of the German EU Council Presidency, the economists from DIW Berlin and the Technical University of Berlin involved in the study have calculated under which circumstances the goals of the European Green Deal could be achieved and what costs this would entail. "So far, the EU Commission has assumed a CO2-reduction target of 40 percent. But this will not make Europe climate-neutral by 2050, as our calculations show. The targets must be much more ambitious," says study author Claudia Kemfert.
Graphic: DIW Berlin
The authors have therefore compared a baseline scenario of 40 percent with a climate protection scenario that assumes a CO2-reduction of 65 percent by 2030 compared to 1990, as demanded by some groups in the EU Parliament. In fact, the calculations show that under these circumstances, the climate neutrality targeted in the Green Deal could be achieved. "However, this is only possible if we switch our energy system to 100 percent renewables - and do so already by 2040," says study author Karlo Hainsch. Even with a complete switch to renewables, the energy supply would remain secure, as the study's hourly calculations show - even for countries that still rely heavily on fossil or nuclear energy, such as Poland and France.
"The German EU presidency could kill two birds with one stone: economic recovery and climate protection." Christian von Hirschhausen
Such a scenario would save around 60 billion tonnes of CO2. "However, a switch to 100 percent renewable energy cannot be had for free. Extensive investments will have to be made," says study author Leonard Göke. According to the calculations, the investment required for renewable energies amounts to around 3000 billion euros. This is an enormous amount, but it is offset by savings of almost 2000 billion euros alone, which would no longer have to be spent on importing fossil fuels. Since both the EU and most national governments in Europe have put together extensive aid packages because of the Corona crisis, these could form a good basis for supporting the necessary investments.
"The German EU Presidency could kill two birds with one stone: economic recovery and climate protection," says study author Christian von Hirschhausen. "To do so, it must ensure that the extensive stimulus packages under the European Green Deal are used for investments in renewable energies and energy efficiency." In addition, there is still the Just Transition Fund, which the EU has set up to provide financial support for structural change in the regions of Europe that are affected very differently by the measures. "Particular care must be taken to ensure that the funds are channelled into sustainable climate-neutral projects and not used for the de facto stabilisation of fossil fuel development paths," warns study author Pao-Yu Oei. The current economic crisis, which is setting new parameters worldwide and across sectors, could now be used to decisively tackle the necessary measures towards climate neutrality.
With a very large majority, the municipal council decided on 22.07.2021 to initiate the urban development measure (SEM) "Nördlich Hafner". The development statute provides the project with a binding legal framework for the city of Constance and the remaining property owners in the area. The decision is also the conclusion of the preparatory studies (VU) that have been running for about four years, in which not only various subject-related studies and the urban development framework plan were developed, but also a comprehensive timetable and a detailed cost and financing overview were drawn up. In total, the development of the approx. 106 ha large area (of which around 60 ha settlement area) including all technical and social infrastructures (e.g. day-care centres, primary school). In the end, income from the allocation of land will result in a largely balanced overall balance.
"With the results of the preparatory studies, valuable foundations have been laid for a speedy development of the area and thus for the creation of affordable housing and commercial space. Even though major tasks still await us in the coming years: Now the development of the Hafner can really take off. I am looking forward to the further joint process of developing the new district for and with the people of Constance," says Construction Mayor Karl Langensteiner-Schönborn.
The development of the first construction phase could begin from the end of 2025, and the completion of all development measures in the third and final construction phase is planned for 2038. Until then, there are still many planning steps to be taken: Further owner discussions and negotiations (with the aim of acquiring the plots or a binding participation of the owners), the further development of the framework plan, in-depth expert opinions, the preparation of development plans as well as the development of an allocation concept for plots are only some of the tasks. For all those involved and interested, there will also be many opportunities in the coming years to inform themselves about the further process and to participate.
In 2016, the municipal council decided that preparatory studies for an urban development measure should be carried out for the Hafner area. After these were completed in May 2021, the project now reaches an important milestone with the consultations on the resolution of a development statute in July 2021.
Over the past four years, the city administration, together with external experts, has investigated the prerequisites for implementing an urban development measure in the area: from a planning, temporal, economic and property rights perspective. The preparatory studies have come to the conclusion that the urban development framework plan for the area, which was adopted by the municipal council at the end of 2019, can be implemented. "The important foundation for a rapid development of affordable housing and commercial space in the Hafner area - over 3,000 residential units and 15 ha of commercial space - has thus been laid," says Mayor Karl Langensteiner-Schönborn.
In contrast to traditional models of building area development, the instrument of urban development measures offers the possibility to prevent land speculation, to involve the owners in the development and to handle and finance the social infrastructure needs in the area through the measure. The instrument distributes obligations and rights fairly between the owners and the common good: investment costs are not socialised and development profits are not privatised, but reinvested for development.
The resolution of a development statute now sets the corresponding legal framework for the development. It is also the starting signal for the next steps in the development process. At the end of 2021, the decision to draw up the development plan for the first construction phase is to follow, and from 2024, the allocation of plots to WOBAK, housing cooperatives, building associations and other developers is to begin via concept procedures. Development of the first construction phase is expected to begin at the end of 2025.
The German Habitat Forum ended today with the "Berlin Recommendations". Thomas Silberhorn, Parliamentary State Secretary of the German Federal Ministry for Economic Cooperation and Development (BMZ) and Gunther Adler, State Secretary of the German Federal Ministry for the Environment, handed over the recommendations to the Secretary General of the Habitat III Conference, Joan Clos. The "Berlin Recommendations" are intended as a contribution to the new urban development agenda that the United Nations plans to adopt in October at the third World Summit on Human Settlements in Quito, Ecuador.
Thomas Silberhorn: "Decisions made by today's urban planners will shape the way we live together in cities for decades to come. That is why we have to set the right course now. Our meeting in Berlin has shown: Sustainable urban development is not possible without innovative ideas, partnership, networked thinking and action. The key role is played by local actors - a powerful municipal administration, non-governmental organisations, business and science, and citizens.
More than 1,000 urban development experts, municipal representatives and personalities from politics, business, science and civil society from all over the world had spent two days at the German Habitat Forum developing recommendations on how to shape a liveable future in cities. Sustainable urban development combines many aspects: urban climate and environmental protection, social balance, safety and quality of life for all citizens. For this, according to the recommendations, cities and municipalities must be even more strongly recognised, empowered and financially equipped as central development actors at national and international level.
A final preparatory conference for the Habitat Summit will take place in Surabaya, Indonesia, at the end of July. Based on the principles "Liveable cities - cities capable of action - integrated urban solutions", Germany will there support the negotiations of the New Urban Agenda push forward.
You can download the "Berlin Recommendations" from the following link: www.bmz.de/berlinerempfehlungen (PDF 135 KB, English)
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