BBSR publication EQ II - Extended balancing of energy consumption and CO2 emissions at neighbourhood level
Published
ExWoSt-Information 48/1
(April 2016)
This issue of the ExWoStInformation provides an up-to-date and well-founded overview of common accountingtools and also introduces you to one that is part of the ExWoSt predecessor study "Requirements for energy-efficient and climate-neutral neighbourhoods (EQ)" was developed.
Publisher
Federal Institute for Research on Building, Urban Affairs and Spatial Development (BBSR)
at the Federal Office for Building and Regional Planning (BBR), Bonn
Scientific support
Federal Institute for Research on Building, Urban Affairs and Spatial Development (BBSR) in the
Federal Office for Building and Regional Planning (BBR)
Processing
Institute for Housing and the Environment (IWU)
Dr. Christian v. Malottki (management), Dr. Thilo Koch
Yesterday, the Agency for Renewable Energies awarded the Rhine-Hunsrück District as Energy Municipality of the Decade / Environment and Energy Minister Ulrike Höfken congratulates warmly on this award.
Yesterday, the Agency for Renewable Energies awarded the Rhine-Hunsrück district in Kassel as "Energy Municipality of the Decade". "Climate change is clearly noticeable in Rhineland-Palatinate, as currently shown by the dramatic damage to forests. With its commitment to the energy turnaround, the Rhine-Hunsrück district is making a significant contribution to climate protection and the preservation of our animal and plant species on a regional level. The fact that the Rhine-Hunsrück district has been chosen as the energy community of the decade among all the exciting and exemplary energy transition projects throughout Germany in the last ten years is an outstanding recognition. I would like to warmly congratulate all those who have contributed to this: The award is a great honour and motivation for all climate protection campaigners in the Rhine-Hunsrück district," said Environment and Energy Minister Ulrike Höfken today in Mainz.
The award is a nationwide recognition of what the district has successfully achieved in recent years. "The Rhine-Hunsrück district is one of the first zero-emissions districts in the inland, 300 percent electricity from renewable energies is generated here in relation to its own consumption, 16 local heating networks are in operation and save around 2.7 million liters of heating oil annually. These figures are also impressive in a nationwide comparison and are the result of an early, energetic and planned energy turnaround on site," explained the Minister. And this also has an impact on regional and economic development: A total of around 44 million euros per year in municipal added value is generated in the Rhine-Hunsrück district through renewable energies, Höfken cited. With these financial means of energy production from wind, sun and biomass, further meaningful projects for the continuation of the energy turnaround as well as for the development of rural areas will be implemented. Höfken concluded: "The Rhine-Hunsrück district impressively shows how energy transition and climate protection work on a municipal level."
Annual DIW Heat Monitor based on data from energy service provider ista Deutschland GmbH: Heating energy demand in residential buildings declines again for the first time since 2015 - Rising prices, however, cause heating expenditure to increase by 2.4 percent - CO2emissions have fallen by 21 percent overall since 2010, but by only 2.6 percent when adjusted for temperature - Energy-efficient renovation in residential buildings almost stagnant
Last year - for the first time since 2015 - tenants in Germany used slightly less heating (minus 3.2 per cent). However, at an annual average of 130 kWh per square metre of heated living space, the heating energy requirement in apartment buildings is now only back at the 2010 level. CO2-emissions have not fallen nearly as much as they would have to in order to achieve the 2030 climate targets: adjusted for temperature, they have only fallen by 2.6 per cent since 2010. These are the key findings of this year's heating monitor calculated by the German Institute for Economic Research (DIW Berlin) on the basis of data from energy service provider ista Deutschland GmbH. They are based on the heating bills of 300,000 multi-party houses in Germany and are adjusted for climate and weather conditions.
"If we only look at the absolute reduction in CO2 emissions, appearances are deceptive" Jan Stede
As energy prices for heating oil and natural gas rose by an average of 5.6 per cent last year, tenants spent 2.4 per cent more on space heating while demand fell. The regional differences in heating energy requirements and prices are very large. In western German households, seven per cent more is heated per square metre than in eastern German households. In 2019, heating energy requirements were highest in the Schleswig-Holstein Southwest and East Frisia regions, and lowest in central Mecklenburg/Rostock and Allgäu. Heating energy cost the most in Saarland and the least in Hamburg.
CO2 emissions fall mainly due to warmer winters
According to the study, there has been a significant overall reduction in CO2-emissions in the residential building sector have fallen by 20.7 per cent since 2010. However, this is largely due to the warmer winters. Adjusted for temperature and weather conditions, CO2-emissions have only fallen by 2.6 per cent over the past ten years.
"If we look at the absolute reduction in CO2-emissions, appearances are deceptive. The reduction of around 21 per cent, which would already make the climate targets unattainable, is hardly due to efforts to increase building efficiency. There is therefore no reason to scale back efforts to reduce emissions," says DIW economist Jan Stede, summarising the results.
"A sober assessment of ten years of building refurbishment shows that energy-efficient refurbishment does not automatically lead to less CO2. Climate policy measures must provide the right incentives for everyone involved: for landlords to invest and for tenant households to consume sparingly," comments Thomas Zinnöcker, CEO of energy and property service provider ista, on the results of the study. "More focus on results, unbureaucratic implementation and accompanying measures for consumers will make climate protection in buildings more effective."
Cushioning social burdens with a climate premium
Investment in the energy-efficient refurbishment of existing residential buildings is still too low to achieve the climate targets in the building sector. The plan was to increase the refurbishment rate to two per cent per year. Most recently, however, it was only one per cent. While energy-efficient refurbishment still accounted for a third of all measures in the building stock in 2010, in 2019 it was only a quarter.
The authors of the DIW study are therefore calling for stronger incentives for energy-efficient building renovations. "The higher subsidy rate for energy-efficient refurbishment and the planned CO2-pricing from next year could create additional incentives to invest more in this area again," hopes study author Franziska Schütze. With the CO2-However, care should be taken to ensure that social effects are cushioned. Tenants, especially those on low incomes, are disproportionately burdened by higher energy prices and have little influence on the building's energy efficiency and energy source. "Reimbursement of the income from the CO2-pricing in the form of a climate premium would relieve the burden on low and middle incomes and at the same time minimise the incentive effect of higher CO2-prices," suggests Jan Stede.
Parliamentary State Secretary Rita Schwarzelühr-Sutter of the BMUB (3rd from left) hands over the grant notification for 10.4 million euros to SWLB. On the photo: Ursula Keck (Deputy Chairman of the Supervisory Board of SWLB and Mayor of Kornwestheim, left), Werner Spec (Chairman of the Supervisory Board of SWLB and Mayor of the City of Ludwigsburg, 2nd from left), Managing Director of SWLB, Bodo Skaletz (3rd from right), Steffen Bilger (Member of the Bundestag, 2nd from right), Jürgen Walter (Member of the Bundestag, right).
Stadtwerke Ludwigsburg-Kornwestheim is building one of the largest solar thermal plants in Germany with a collector area of over 10,000 m². The way is clear for another forward-looking project in Ludwigsburg: Stadtwerke Ludwigsburg-Kornwestheim GmbH (SWLB) has won the funding call for municipal climate protection model projects as part of the national climate protection initiative of the Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation, Building and Nuclear Safety in Berlin.
Their funding application for the SolarHeatGrid model project for the 'construction and connection of one of the largest solar thermal plants in Germany to an optimised heating network', in which the City of Ludwigsburg is involved as a cooperation partner, was approved. The official handover of the Municipal Climate Protection Model Project grant to Bodo Skaletz, Managing Director of SWLB, took place on 12 May 2017 by Rita Schwarzelühr-Sutter, Parliamentary State Secretary of the Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation, Building and Nuclear Safety, in the presence of the Lord Mayor of the City of Ludwigsburg and Chairman of the Supervisory Board of SWLB, Werner Spec, and the Lord Mayor of the City of Kornwestheim and Deputy Chairman of the Supervisory Board of Stadtwerke.
"In terms of the amount of funding, our solar thermal project is the front-runner in the ranking of the seven projects that were also approved. The federal government is contributing 10.4 million euros to the realisation of Ludwigsburg's large-scale project, which should inspire imitation throughout Germany," says a delighted Bodo Skaletz, Managing Director of SWLB.
"This renewal of the district heating network with solar heat is particularly forward-looking with regard to the feasibility of municipal heat supply with renewable energies. Swapping fossil for renewable - it works. I congratulate Ludwigsburg on this major high-tech piece of the puzzle, also in terms of CO2 savings and improved energy efficiency," confirms Parliamentary State Secretary Rita Schwarzelühr-Sutter.
"The 'SolarHeatGrid' is an important building block in the implementation of our overall energy concept for Ludwigsburg," explains Mayor Werner Spec. "We are thus significantly expanding our heat supply on a renewable basis and linking it across municipal boundaries. This is entirely in the spirit of sustainable settlement development: as cities, we must continue to commit ourselves locally with all our strength to environmental and climate protection."
The official start of this lighthouse project is 1 June 2017. The model project is scheduled to take a total of three years. As part of the project, the existing Ludwigsburg district heating network, which already provides heat for large parts of the city using mainly renewable raw materials, will be merged with the Rotbäumlesfeld, Technische Dienste Ludwigsburg (Gänsfußallee 21) and Kornwestheim-Nord networks, which are currently still supplied with fossil fuels. The construction of the solar thermal plant in connection with a large heat storage tank, which is to be built at the location of the CHP plant, will additionally feed high-quality, regeneratively generated heat into the expanded interconnected grid. This will further increase the amount of heat from renewable energies. With the help of the heat storage facility, the energy generated will also be available when there is little or no solar radiation.
The base load heat of the fossil-fuelled heating centres of the individual grids can thus be replaced by the largely regeneratively generated heat of the expanded interconnected grid. Approximately five kilometres of new district heating pipes will be laid over the next three years to connect the solar thermal system and the interconnected grid. In addition to the CO2 savings that will be achieved through the growing share of renewable energies in the expanded district heating network, the declared goal of the large-scale project is to increase energy efficiency. "In order to ensure that energy is used as efficiently as possible, it is not only the heat generation and distribution by SWLB that is decisive, but also the consumer side," Skaletz explains and adds: "As part of the network interconnection, measures are therefore to be implemented to reduce the so-called return temperatures, on which the performance of our district heating network depends to a large extent."
SWLB submitted the funding application in November 2016. The project aims to increase the share of renewable energies in the district heating network and to actively promote local climate protection and the energy transition at the local level by reducing CO2 emissions. More information on the municipal climate protection model project at: www.swlb.de/solar-heat-grid
PM of the Stadtwerke Ludwigsburg-Kornwestheim from 12.05.2017
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