In contrast to combustion engines, the amount of energy required to manufacture the batteries plays a greater role in electric cars. According to the Heidelberg IFEU Institute, one kWh of battery capacity can save around 125 kg of CO2-emissions. The production of an electricity storage system with 24 kWh therefore produces around three tonnes of CO2 emissions. In contrast, the emissions produced when building an electric motor are lower. As a result, the e-car has to reduce its driving emissions by around 2.74 tonnes of CO2 offset. This means that if we concentrate too much on the emission of greenhouse gases, we could end up reducing CO2-The overall balance of a product should not be lost sight of. The latest, most economical model is not always the best choice and the frugal use of an existing product is the better way. In short, a vehicle should not be purchased as long as the CO2-backpack has not been emptied.
with a focus on solar energy, neighbourhood concepts and funding
The BUND yearbook Ökologisch Bauen & Renovieren (Ecological Building and Renovation) published by the Bund für Umwelt und Naturschutz Deutschland (BUND) helps by making owners fit for discussions with the house bank, architect, energy consultant and craftsmen. The guidebook, which will be available from November, shows what can be done and how: Based on numerous house portraits, the annual compendium helps the reader to find out which measures, building materials and technologies are most suitable for their own project.
Written in an understandable way and clearly presented, with many examples and suggestions, the 244-page "BUND Yearbook 2019 - Ecological Building and Renovation" offers an all-round service for builders and renovators. The booklet offers six topics: basics/planning, model houses, green around the house, building envelope, building services and interior design. Furthermore, state funding opportunities are presented. With in the focus this time quarter concepts for less surface consumption and more togetherness stand. In addition, long-term experience with solar thermal energy and innovations in photovoltaics and solar power storage.
sdg21 comment: There is no comparable publication for the low costs. For this one must accept that a not insignificant part is occupied by advertisements, which are however thematically relevant. Strongly contradictory is however the request of the BUND to reduce the surface consumption, but then in the booklet almost throughout only examples of single-family houses to show. The few sustainable quarters, multi-storey residential buildings or housing estates are almost lost. The title "Neighborhood Concepts" promises more than the publication actually delivers.
The 244 A4-page handbook can be purchased at a price of 8.90 Euros at major kiosks, station bookstores and BUND offices.
Or (plus 2.00 Euro shipping costs) can be ordered from the publisher: Target marketing, Gerberstr. 5f, 70178 Stuttgart, Tel. 0711/96695-0, bestellungen@ziel-marketing.de.
The complete yearbook or individual articles are also available as an e-paper via the publisher's website www.ziel-marketing.de.
Average building land prices for individual development by district type 2007 to 2016 Fig.: BBSR Bonn
Between 2011 and 2016, the average price of building land for owner-occupied homes across Germany rose by 27 per cent from 129 euros per square metre to 164 euros. In the major cities, the price per square metre of building land rose by 33 per cent - from just over EUR 250 in 2011 to just under EUR 350 in 2016. This not only makes residential property significantly more expensive, but also puts the brakes on affordable rental housing construction. This is the result of an analysis by the Federal Institute for Research on Building, Urban Affairs and Spatial Development (BBSR).
The analysis is based on purchase price data from the official expert committees for property values for the last five years. In the urban and rural districts, the price level and increase lagged behind the major cities. However, even there the increase was well above the general rate of inflation. In the urban districts - often districts surrounding large cities - purchase prices for undeveloped land rose from 132 euros per square metre in 2011 to 156 euros per square metre in 2016 (+19 per cent), while in the rural districts, the price per square metre of building land rose from 64 euros to 78 euros in 2016 (+20 per cent).
The average purchase price for a plot of land for owner-occupied development also rose significantly - by 27 per cent to EUR 112,000 in 2016. In the major cities, the average purchase price for a plot of land for owner-occupied development was just under EUR 200,000 (+ 25 per cent). Average purchase prices have risen particularly sharply in expensive cities. "Rising land prices determine the purchase or construction costs to a considerable extent, especially in the growth regions. This makes residential property more expensive," says BBSR expert Matthias Waltersbacher. "In tight markets, high building land prices are also driving rents for new builds up to EUR 14 to 16 per square metre. This means that privately financed residential construction at affordable rents is no longer possible."
While the transaction figures for plots of land for owner-occupier development remained fairly stable in the urban districts between 2011 and 2016, they fell by 30 per cent in the major cities. Transactions fell particularly sharply in expensive cities such as Cologne, Frankfurt am Main and Stuttgart. Rural districts recorded an increase of just under 15 per cent in the same period. "Property prices have recently risen so sharply that the pressure to realise them often no longer allows for the development of single-family homes," says Waltersbacher. "More and more buyers are looking for alternatives in the surrounding area."
The analysis is based on an examination of the independent cities and rural districts for which transaction data for properties is available via the purchase price collections of the expert committees for property values in a complete time series since 2011. This representative longitudinal section covers around a third of all cities and districts in Germany. A comprehensive analysis of the land and property market for the years 2015 and 2016 will be presented by the Working Group of the Higher Expert Committees, Central Offices and Expert Committees in the Federal Republic of Germany (AK OGA) in December 2017 with the German Property Market Report.
By a large majority, the city council has instructed the administration to increase the use of wooden building materials in new municipal buildings such as schools and day-care centres. Complete wooden buildings are to be erected wherever possible.
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