Video (2014, engl.) Tour of the IBA Hamburg Wilhelmsburg
Published
6:22 min, 14 April 2014, Ed: The Guardian
Oliver Wainwright visits the International Building Exhibition (IBA), a six-year experiment to build a zero-carbon extension to Hamburg in northern Germany. The project is home to all kinds of Passivhaus buildings, solid timber construction, the recycling of greywater, and even a building with a bubbling bio-reactive algae facade. Wainwright meets some of the key representatives of the project to examine a variety of different examples of eco architecture
"Stad van de Zon" in Heerhugowaard
With 2,900 flats on 123 ha of building land, the settlement is the largest sustainable settlement in the world. The total area with park and water areas covers 177 ha. The photovoltaic system on the roofs has a capacity of 3.75 MW. Another PV system with 1.25 MW, as well as three wind turbines on the site are the active components of the CO2-neutral energy supply. Car-free zone. Planning: Ashok Bhalotra of urban design bureau KuiperCompagnons, Rotterdam. Partner of the European Sun Cities project.
Photo gallery: https://siedlungen.eu/galerien/fotogalerie-2017-heerhugowaard
Amsterdam Westerpark With 600 residential units as a contiguous settlement, the largest settlement for cyclists in the world. The residents organise their everyday life without their own car. This saves the construction and operating costs of the expensive underground car park and it enables the use of the open spaces for purposes other than parking private cars, which do not drive to over 90% but take up space.
Photo gallery: https://siedlungen.eu/galerien/fotogalerie-2017-gwl-terrein-amsterdam-westerpark
The jury selected nine prize winners this year, and in addition seven commendations were awarded. 134 projects were submitted, all of which, according to the jury, "demonstrate a level of craftsmanship that can hardly be surpassed". They were awarded on 30 June in CUBUS Wolfurt.
The "Vorarlberger Holzbaupreis 2017" was awarded to:
Category "Apartment buildingRow house LG, Lustenau
Rehabilitation" categoryOeconomy Building Josef Weiss, Dornbirn, Julia Kick DI ZT Architect, Dornbirn
Category "Single-family houseHouse Birne, Nüziders, DI Martin Mackowitz, Feldkirch and Helmut Taudes, Nüziders
Category "Single-family houseResidential house W, Bezau, cukrowicz nachbaur architekten ZT GmbH, Bregenz and Jürgen Haller, Mellau
Category "Other/holiday home": Haus am Stürcherwald, Laterns, architect Bernardo Bader ZT GmbH, Dornbirn
Out of the country" categoryHouse A, Eschlikon, Srich & Oswald Gmbh, Zurich
Out of the country" categoryResidential home for refugees, Hanover, MOSAIK Architekten BDA PartGmbH, Hanover
Ecology and Sustainability" CategoryResidential building F, Dornbirn, cukrowicz nachbaur architekten ZT GmbH, Bregenz and Jürgen Haller, Mellau
When the Vorarlberg Timber Construction Prize was awarded for the first time in 1997, it was a pioneer of its kind. Today it is considered the benchmark of the industry, is internationally known and helps to market the Vorarlberg region to tourists. Around 30,000 architectural tourists come every year because of the outstanding timber architecture, according to the press release of the organisers. vorarlberger holzbau_kunst - a regional network of planners, craftsmen and companies that is celebrating its 20th anniversary this year.
Net public electricity generation reached a record share of 59.7 per cent in 2023. The share of the load was 57.1 per cent. This is the result of an analysis presented today by the Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems ISE. New records were set for wind and solar power in 2023. In contrast, generation from lignite (-27 per cent) and hard coal (-35 per cent) fell sharply. Photovoltaics stood out in the expansion of generation capacity: at around 14 gigawatts, the expansion was in double digits for the first time and significantly exceeded the German government's statutory climate protection target. Source of the data is the platform energy-charts.info
Photovoltaic systems generated approx. 59.9 TWh in 2023, of which 53.5 TWh was fed into the public grid and 6.4 TWh was used for self-consumption. At around 9 TWh, June 2023 was the month with the highest solar power generation ever. The maximum solar output of 40.1 GW was reached on 7 July at 13:15, which corresponded to a 68% share of electricity generation. In 2023, the expansion of photovoltaics significantly exceeded the German government's targets: instead of the planned 9 gigawatts, 13.2 gigawatts were installed by November; according to preliminary data, this will be more than 14 gigawatts by the end of 2023. This is a sharp increase compared to 2022 (7.44 GW). This means that PV expansion in Germany has reached double digits for the first time.
The Hydropower increased from 17.5 TWh in 2022 to 20.5 TWh. The installed capacity of 4.94 GW has hardly changed compared to previous years.
The Biomass at 42.3 TWh was at the level of 2022 (42.2 TWh). The installed capacity is 9 GW.
In total, the renewable energies approx. 260 TWh in 2023, around 7.2 per cent more than in the previous year (242 TWh). The share of renewable energy generated in Germany in the load, i.e. the electricity mix that actually comes out of the socket, was 57.1 per cent compared to 50.2 per cent in 2022. In addition to net public electricity generation, total net electricity generation also includes in-house generation by industry and commerce, which is mainly generated using gas. The share of renewable energies in total net electricity generation, including the power plants of "businesses in the manufacturing, mining and quarrying sectors", is around 54.9 per cent (2022: 48.2 per cent).
The Load in the electricity grid totalled 457 TWh, around 26 TWh less than in 2022. Due to the high electricity prices and higher temperatures, electricity was probably saved significantly. The increase in self-consumption of solar power is also reducing the load. The load includes the electricity consumption and grid losses, but not the pumped-storage power consumption and the self-consumption of conventional power plants.
Sharp decline in coal-fired power
After German coal-fired power plants ramped up their production in 2022 - due to the outage of French nuclear power plants, but also due to the distortions in the electricity market caused by the war in Ukraine - their share fell significantly in 2023. As a result, generation in November 2023 was 27 per cent below the same month in the previous year due to the drop in coal-fired electricity exports, but also because of the good wind conditions.
Overall, production from Lignite for public electricity consumption fell by around 27 per cent, from 105.9 to 77.5 TWh. This is in addition to 3.7 TWh for industrial own consumption. Gross electricity generation fell to the level of 1963.
Net production from Hard coal-fired power plants for public electricity consumption was 36.1 TWh (-35 per cent) and 0.7 TWh for industrial own consumption. It was 21.4 TWh lower than in 2022. Gross electricity generation fell to the level of 1955. Natural gas for electricity generation remained slightly below the previous year's level at 45.8 TWh for public electricity supply and 29.6 for industrial own consumption. Due to the shutdown of the last three nuclear power plants in Emsland, Neckarwestheim and Isar on 15 April 2023, the Nuclear power only contributed 6.72 TWh to electricity generation, which corresponds to a share of 1.5 per cent.
Battery storage systems are developing rapidly
The expansion of fluctuating renewable energies also increases the need for grid expansion and storage capacity. Battery storage systems, which are installed on a decentralised basis to buffer the generation of wind and solar power, are particularly suitable. The private household segment is showing strong growth, as is the case with photovoltaic systems. Overall, installed battery capacity almost doubled from 4.4 GW in 2022 to 7.6 GW in 2023, while storage capacity rose from 6.5 GWh to 11.2 GWh. The capacity of German pumped storage plants is around 6 GW.
Declining exports and exchange electricity prices
After an export surplus of 27.1 TWh was achieved in electricity trading in 2022, an import surplus of 11.7 TWh was recorded in 2023. This was due in particular to the lower electricity generation costs in neighbouring European countries in the summer and the high costs of CO2-certificates. The majority of imports came from Denmark (10.7 TWh), Norway (4.6 TWh) and Sweden (2.9 TWh). Germany exported electricity to Austria (5.8 TWh) and Luxembourg (3.6 TWh).
In winter, electricity exchange prices rose again and CO2-certificates became more favourable. This already led to a balance in November and, in conjunction with high wind power generation, to export surpluses in December. In contrast to its neighbouring countries (Austria, Switzerland, France), Germany also has sufficient power plant capacity in winter to produce electricity for export.
The average volume-weighted day-ahead price Exchange electricity price fell sharply to €92.29/MWh or 9.23 cents/kWh (2022: €230.57/MWh). This puts it back at the 2021 level.
A detailed presentation of the data on electricity generation, imports/exports, prices, installed capacity, emissions and climate data can be found on the Energy Charts Server: www.energy-charts.info/downloads/Stromerzeugung_2023.pdf
This first version of the annual evaluation takes into account all electricity generation data from the Leipzig electricity exchange EEX and the European Network of Transmission System Operators for Electricity (ENTSO-E) up to and including 31 December 2023. The quarter-hourly values from the EEX were energetically corrected using the available monthly data from the Federal Statistical Office on electricity generation up to September 2023. For the remaining months, the correction factors were estimated on the basis of past monthly and annual data. The extrapolated values from October to December are subject to larger tolerances.
This is based on the data for the German Net electricity generation to the public electricity supply. It is the difference between gross electricity generation and the power plants' own consumption and is fed into the public grid. The electricity industry calculates with net figures, e.g. for electricity trading and grid utilisation, and only net electricity generation is traded on the electricity exchanges. It represents the electricity mix that actually comes out of the socket at home.
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